The Capability of Physical and Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Iraqi Architecture in Contemporary Architecture
Keywords:
physical, spatial, traditional architecture, Iraq, contemporary architectureAbstract
This study aimed to identify, analyze, and explain the transferability of the physical, spatial, and climatic characteristics of traditional Iraqi houses, with a focus on the historic fabric of Diwaniya, to contemporary architecture and sustainable design in hot-arid regions. A descriptive qualitative approach with a field-based strategy was adopted. Data were collected through direct observation, architectural document and plan analysis, examination of traditional residential samples, semi-structured expert interviews, and documentation of physical and climatic architectural elements. The study investigated 300 traditional houses in the historic fabric of Diwaniya. Physical, spatial, environmental, and performance indicators were analyzed, and a Comprehensive Architectural Index (CAI) was developed to evaluate overall architectural performance. The results revealed that the central courtyard, present in more than 83% of the houses, functioned as the primary spatial–climatic element and showed a significant relationship with natural ventilation quality (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). A positive correlation was also found between courtyard width and ventilation performance (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). The combination of the central courtyard, iwan, and windcatcher produced the highest climatic efficiency, while approximately 37% of the houses achieved excellent performance in the integrated lighting and ventilation index. The CAI results indicated that 40% of the houses demonstrated excellent performance, 30% good performance, 20% moderate performance, and only 10% required restoration. The extensive use of local materials with high thermal mass significantly enhanced thermal comfort and reduced dependence on mechanical cooling systems. Traditional Diwaniya architecture represents an integrated system of physical, spatial, and climatic design strategies that effectively respond to hot-arid environmental conditions. The informed adaptation of its functional principles—particularly the central courtyard, iwan, windcatchers, and hierarchical spatial organization—can provide a valuable framework for sustainable, climate-responsive, and culturally grounded contemporary architecture.
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Copyright (c) 2025 حیدر حمزه نجم عفلوکی (نویسنده); بهرام شاهدی; محمود حسین مصطفی جزیره, مرجان امجد (نویسنده)
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