Explanation of Landscape Architecture Indicators Affecting the Visual Environment Quality Enhancement in Urban Parks of Tabriz Metropolis from Ecological, Cultural, Environmental Sustainability, and Accessibility Perspectives

Abstract

Parks, as integral components of urban fabric and part of public urban services, hold significant importance and cannot be separated from the needs of the urban society. Therefore, parks must be developed both quantitatively and qualitatively in accordance with the city’s physical scale, community needs, ecological conditions, and its future expansion trajectory so they can function as active green spaces with continuous environmental returns. This study aims to explain the landscape architecture indicators that influence the enhancement of visual environment quality in urban parks of the Tabriz metropolis, from the viewpoints of ecology, cultural characteristics, environmental sustainability, and accessibility, using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings reveal that El Goli Park is identified as the top-ranked park in terms of ecological indicators. Shams Tabrizi Park, due to its traditional and principled design, is another favorable option. Other parks require further actions in resource management and biodiversity enhancement. El Goli Park and Baghlari Baghi demonstrate appropriate physical and social accessibility, serving as successful examples for other parks. Shams Tabrizi Park is particularly effective in terms of social accessibility for specific groups such as women and children. Baghmisheh and Khaghani Parks need improvement in accessibility for individuals with disabilities and require reconstruction of access routes. Eram Park can achieve better performance in accessibility by improving lighting and increasing nighttime security.