Identifying Physical Components Influencing the Formation of Third Places: A Comparative Study of Tabriz Historic Bazaar and Laleh Park Shopping Mall
Keywords:
Third place, quality of public spaces, conceptual model of place, physical components, social interactionsAbstract
This study aims to identify and analyze the physical components that shape and enhance the quality of “Third Places” in urban environments through a comparative analysis of the Tabriz Historic Bazaar and Laleh Park Shopping Mall. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research employed systematic content analysis. Relevant literature on place quality, third place theory, and international and local urban design models was reviewed and coded. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding using MaxQDA software. A preliminary conceptual framework was developed and tested by comparing two case studies to reveal the key physical, functional, social, and perceptual dimensions of third places. The results indicate that physical factors such as human scale, spatial flexibility, accessibility, lighting and visual quality, furniture design, spatial boundaries, and perceived safety critically enhance the experience of place and foster social interaction. The Tabriz Historic Bazaar, with its cultural-historical depth and spatial complexity, promotes stronger social cohesion and sense of belonging, while the Laleh Park Shopping Mall—despite its modern amenities—shows weaker spontaneous social engagement and emotional connection. This study presents a comprehensive conceptual model demonstrating that the success of third places extends beyond physical design to include social, psychological, and cultural dimensions. The model offers an applicable tool for urban designers and planners to create vibrant, human-centered, and identity-rich public spaces.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sepideh Rafiei (Author); Shabnam Akbarinamdar
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