The Role of Lighting in Enhancing Spatial Experience in Interior Architecture: An Analysis Based on Gestalt Theory

Abstract

Lighting plays a pivotal role in interior architecture, significantly enhancing spatial experience and influencing users' psychological responses. This study, grounded in Gestalt theory principles, examines the effects of lighting on spatial perception and users’ sense of belonging within interior environments. Conducted through qualitative methods and analyzing interior architecture samples in Tehran, this research delves into how lighting influences sensory and aesthetic perceptions. Findings reveal that Gestalt principles, particularly continuity, symmetry, and contrast, can be effectively applied in lighting design to enrich spatial experiences. The results indicate that warm, soft lighting in residential and therapeutic spaces increases users’ feelings of comfort and security, fostering a greater sense of attachment to the space. Moreover, in commercial and exhibition settings, lighting contrasts help capture attention and guide users toward focal points. Based on these findings, this study provides recommendations for interior lighting design, such as implementing symmetrical and soft lighting in residential and therapeutic environments and utilizing contrast lighting in commercial spaces. Additionally, designers are advised to integrate natural light alongside artificial lighting to create more effective and satisfying spatial experiences. The study concludes with suggestions for future research, focusing on the psychological and cultural impacts of lighting.