تحلیل فضایی کاربری‌های آموزشی مدارس متوسطه به‌منظور تحقق شهر پایدار با رویکرد اکولوژیک: مطالعه موردی مدارس متوسطه دوم شهر بابل

امیرحسین  بابازاده درویش; غلامرضا جانباز قبادی; صدرالدین  متولی

Authors

Amirhossein Babazadeh Darvish PhD Student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, No.C., Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1278-884X
Gholamreza Janbaz Ghobadi Department of Geography, No.C., Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-3877
Sadroddin Motevalli Department of Geography, No.C., Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-472X

Keywords:

GIS, Babol, ecological approach , sustainable city , spatial analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of upper secondary schools in Babol and assess the conformity of their current locations with sustainable-city indicators and ecological planning principles. This applied study employed a descriptive–analytical design and an integrated quantitative and spatial approach. The statistical population comprised residents of Babol and experts in urban planning. Using Cochran’s formula, 380 residents were selected, while 30 experts were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through documentary studies, field observations, a researcher-developed questionnaire, and a pairwise-comparison questionnaire. The one-sample Wilcoxon test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were applied using SPSS. Environmental, social, physical–spatial, and sustainable accessibility and transportation criteria were weighted through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Geographic information system techniques, including spatial compatibility, accessibility-radius, network, and suitability analyses, were subsequently used to integrate the criteria and examine the spatial pattern of school locations. Testing the main hypothesis indicated that the current spatial distribution of upper secondary schools did not provide the conditions required to achieve an ecologically oriented sustainable city; therefore, the main hypothesis was rejected. Regarding the first subsidiary hypothesis, the environmental criterion received the highest normalized weight (0.428467), exceeding the physical–spatial, sustainable accessibility and transportation, and social criteria; thus, its priority in school-location decisions was confirmed. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between environmental education in schools and participation in urban environmental protection (r=0.659, p<0.001). Moreover, appropriate school location demonstrated a very strong, positive, and statistically significant association with sustainable-city achievement (r_s=0.956, p<0.001). The existing location pattern of upper secondary schools in Babol is insufficiently aligned with ecological sustainability requirements. School planning should therefore be revised by prioritizing environmental quality, spatial justice, sustainable accessibility, active transportation, compatibility with surrounding land uses, and stronger environmental education and participation programs.

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